Summary:
With the developing technology, energy storage systems, especially lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), play a critical role in electric vehicles and renewable energy applications. However, the performance and life of batteries are significantly affected by their operating temperatures. In this context, battery thermal management systems (BTMS) are of vital importance to ensure temperature control of batteries and to create a safe operating environment. BTMSs are divided into main two groups active and passive which require and does not require extra energy consumption, respectively. In this review, the basic principles, design criteria and application areas of battery thermal management systems are examined. First of all, the components of BTMS, passive and active cooling methods, heat dissipation and temperature monitoring techniques are detailed. In addition, the effects of different BTMS approaches on efficiency and performance are compared. The analysis of existing studies in the literature reveals the positive contributions of BTMS on battery life, charge-discharge efficiency and safety. In addition, future research areas and development opportunities are also highlighted. In conclusion, an effective thermal management system is a critical factor in the development of battery technology and has great potential in terms of sustainability of energy systems.